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By permitting the root user to login directly is a major security issue.
We will show you how to disable it. So that you can login as root but not directly, reducing the security issue.

This forces the hacker to  guess 2 seperate passwords to gain root access.

First of you will need to login as your admin user in SSH, then after that switch to the super user with the su command to get root.

We will be forcing the use of SSH protocol 2, which is a newer, more secure SSH protocol
There are some more ways to help your server stay safe from the Hackers. If you are using cPanel be sure that you add your admin user to the ‘wheel’ group so that you will be able to ’su -’ to root, otherwise you may lock yourself out of root.

1] SSH into your server as ‘admin’ and get root access by su

2] Copy and paste this line to edit the file for SSH logins
pico -w /etc/ssh/sshd_config

3] Find the line
Protocol 2, 1

4] Uncomment it and change it to look like
Protocol 2

5] Next, find the line
PermitRootLogin yes

6] Uncomment it and make it look like Permit Root Login no

7] Save the file Ctrl+X then Y then enter

8] Now you can restart SSH
/etc/rc.d/init.d/sshd restart

Now, no one will be able to login to root with out first loggin in as admin and ’su -’ to root, and you will be forcing the use of a more secure protocol. Be sure that you remember both the passwords.

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Ans: It is a server which is Often referred to as simply Apache, is a web server notable for playing a key role in the initial growth of the World Wide Web. It was the 1st viable alternative to the Netscape Communications Corporation web server , and has since evolved to rival other Unix-based web servers in terms of functionality and performance. Since April 1996 Apache has been the most popular HTTP server on the World Wide Web; since March 2006 however it has experienced a steady decline of its market share. As of August 2007 Apache served 50% of all websiteThe Apache HTTP Server Project is an effort to develop and maintain an open-source HTTP server for modern operating systems including UNIX and Windows NT. The main Aim of this project is to provide a secure, efficient and extensible server which provides HTTP services in sync with the current HTTP standards.This  Apache web server  project is a main Foundation of the Apache Software .The core development of this Apache Web server is done by a group of 20 volunteer programmers, called the Apache Group. However, because the source codeof Apache is freely available, anyone can adapt the server for specific needs, and there is a large public library of Apache add-ons. In many respects, development of Apache is similar to development of the Linux OS.

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Before proceeding make a backup of your VPS because this is a  work in progress , In few situations you can receive some errors even after you have followed all these steps. We will work with you to solve them and hopefully produce a firm guide with a list of potential errors.

These are the following steps:-

1) Install subversion : It’s very easy to install subversion on centos, just a use Yellow dog Updater Modified

2) Now check if “perl-URI” is installed or not. If in case it is not installed than you can install it by using YUM install perl-URI.

3) After that create a repository.

cd /var/
mkdir -p repo/source/
svnadmin create /var/repo/source

Note:By using above commands you can create a subversion repo named source. You can check inside the directory if lot of files are created. If created subversion works fine.

4) Now you can proceed with Apache 2 installation. We have chosen Apache 2.0.59

wget the location of Apache

tar -zxvf httpd-2.0.59.tar.gz
cd httpd-2.0.59
./configure –prefix=/usr/local/apache2 –with-port=2080 –enable-dav –enable-dav-fs –enable-proxy –enable-rewrite –enable-so
make
make install
/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl start
==
Apache2 installed at port 2080 with dav , proxy and rewrite and started

5) After this we have to compile mod_svn for apache 2. For this you have to download the SVN source from the subversion site, first please check the version of subversion using yum

Next you have to download the same version of subversion source, untar it and need to compile mod_svn now:

./configure –with-apxs=/usr/local/apache2/bin/apxs
make
make install

Now mod_svn is installed and activated on apache2.

6) Configure Apache 2 for svn. For this change the settings httpd.conf of apache 2. This file will be located here /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf

<location>
DAV svn
SVNPath /var/repo/source
</location>

After making the above changes Restart Apache2. Now you should be able to see the svn files from this url http://localhost:2080/ or http://<serverip>:2080. You should be able to see the subversion files at revision 0. There will be nothing in it as we have not added any files.

7) Now Add proxy to apache 1.3 so that we can internally proxy the files between Apache 2 and Apache 1. You can download the source of currently installed apache 1.3 or you can find the same in /root/installd/buildapache/apache_1.3.xx/src/modules/proxy
Just goto that directory and run this command

/usr/local/apache/bin/apxs -i -c *.c

This will install mod_proxy to apache 1.3

You have add this setting to apache 1.3 conf file to proxy the http://localhost:2080/ in standard port 80 of some website.
Add these line to any virtual host present in the conf file.

LoadModule proxy_module modules/mod_proxy.so
AddModule mod_proxy.c
ProxyRequests Off
ProxyPass / http://locahost:2080/

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By using cPanel you can create your own Custom Error Pages for your website.This pages is used when a user types in the wrong url or enters incorrect information in the browser you can inform them with using nice looking Error pages than the plain old ones like 400 Bad request, 401 Authorization Required, 403 Forbidden, 404 Wrong page, 500 Internal Server Error etc.Companies often customize error pages to brand them with a specific corporate image and a link to their home page.

By following this steps you can Customize Error Page:-

1) First click on the Error Pages link under the ‘Site Management’ header in Cpanel.

2) After that click on the button of the required Error Page, such as the 500 button.

3) Now Enter the HTML code for the Error Page. You can use the buttons at the top of the page to insert variables into the displayed code.
Example:

<h1>404 Not Found</h1>
<p>The requested page, <!–#echo var=”REQUEST_URL” –> ,is not available.</p>

4) Now click on the SAVE button.

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To Reset your domain password Follow these steps:

1) First click on the Change Password button on the home page.

2) In the Old Password field enter your current password .

3) Now Enter your new password in the New Password and New Password (again) fields.

4) Click on the Change your password now! button. Your password has now been changed.

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The Disk Usage Viewer of cPanel enables you to see exactly how much disk space is being taken up by various parts of your web site.

You can easily use the Disk Usage Viewer by following these steps:-

1)  Click on the Disk Usage button on the home page .

2) A list of items that take up space on your web site is now displayed from biggest to smallest. Now Click on the required buttons to view the use of space on your web site.

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These are the steps given below for configuring an mail account in cPanel:_  

1) First Login to C-Panel

2) Select “Default Address”

3) Select “Set Default Email Address”

4) Enter a desired default email address
Now just enter a name, (the @yourdomain part is added automatically)

After all these Steps select “Change” and you will see a confirmation box, which displays your new default email address.

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Follow these steps to perform a full backup in cPanel server:-

1) First login into your cPanel with the Username and password

2) Click on BackupcPanel backup, backup website cpanel, cpanel hosting backup.

3) Now click on Generate / Download a Full Backup.

4) Select Home Directory in Backup Destination and enter your email address. others just leave blank and click Generate Backup.

5) Done! You just perform a full backup in CPanel. You will received a notification email once the backup is done.

6) Once the backup is ready, you can FTP into your Account to download the backup file. CPanel locate your backup file in your root directory (/home/username/) and CPanel backup filename normally look like this:-
backup-mm.dd.yyyy_hh-mm-ss_username.tar.gz

Note:You also can FTP your full backup file to your another FTP server (if you have more than 1 server). Just enter the Remote Server (FTP / SCP) which is the IP or domain name, Remote User (FTP / SCP) and Remote Password (FTP / SCP) in the Generate Backup page before you hit Generate backup button, your Backup File will be transfer to the remote server.

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What is AutoResponder?

It is a feature of cPanel which allows you to send an automatic response to anyone who sends an email to your email account. When an email is sent to your account, the response which you Has been  created by you will be sent back to the person who send you the email.

Note:This feature will not prevent your email from being delivered. This feature can be useful for informing customers that you are on vacation, or providing useful information when a customer submits a question or order.

These are the steps to configure AutoResponder in cPanel:-

1) To Access the Mail Menu, click on the icon above the word Mail on the main screen of your cPanel interface.

2) Now click on AutoResponders to enter it’s maintenance screen.

3) To add a New AutoResponder, click on Add Autoresponder.

4) Enter the email address you wish to send the autoresponses from, the name you wish the message to come from, the subject of the autoresponse email, and the message in the respective fields.

5) If you wish the message to be displayed in HTML format, check the box next to HTML message.

6) Use the drop down box to select the character set you wish the autoresponse to appear in.

7)  Click on Create/Modify to create the autoresponder.

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Addon Domain is a feature in cpanel These feature provides you to add extra domain name to your hosting account and each domain has its own individual website.As your visitors can access every single addon domain separately and each addon domain will appear as a completely different website.

To add an Addon Domain follow these simple steps:-

1) First log-in to your cPanel.

2)Click on Addon Domains icon and enter the following info:
New Domain Name: the addon domain which you like to add to your account (example: bodhost.com)
Username/directory/subdomain Name: the name of the subfolder of your account to upload the files of that addon domain (example: bodhost)
Password: any password (NOT your main account password), this password will be used to access the special FTP account of that addon domain

Note:Once the domain is added, you should be able to see a folder with the name of your domain (e.g. if your domain is bodhost.com your folder name is going to be bodhost – unless you change your folder name).

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